Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts By Capriotti Frizzell-Test Bank

Chapter 1: The Cell in Health and Illness

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.

____ 2. What is the process in which glucose is used to create energy?
1. Autolysis
2. Glycolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. None of the above

____ 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. None of the above

____ 4. Which cell organelles are believed to have once been self-sustaining and independent?
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acid
4. Deoxyribonucleic acid

____ 5. Why is more energy produced when a person is exercising?
1. There is an increase in the synthesis of protein.
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
3. There is an increase in the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid.
4. There is an increase in the production of mitochondria in the muscle cells.

____ 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
1. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
2. During the synthesis of ATP
3. During severe hypoxic state
4. During the processing of prohormone

____ 7. The cellular organelle responsible for propelling mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs is
1. cilia.
2. microfilament.
3. secretory vesicle.
4. endoplasmic reticulum.

____ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
1. Actin and myosin
2. Myosin and tubulin
3. Tubulin and actin
4. None of the above

____ 9. Which deficiency causes Tay-Sach’s disease?
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes

____ 10. Adrenoleukodystrophy is characterized by
1. Accumulation of ganglioside.
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis.
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity.
4. Accumulation of long chain fatty acid s in the nervous system.

____ 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
3. During ER stress, accumulation of long chain fatty acids occurs in the nervous system.
4. During ER stress, accumulation of non-degraded substances occurs in the cells.

____ 12. Which is referred to as the protein factory of the cell?
1. Ribosome
2. Mitochondria
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Endoplasmic reticulum

____ 13. Which acts as a blue print for the construction of proteins?
1. Transfer RNA
2. Ribosomal RNA
3. Messenger RNA
4. Mitochondrial DNA

____ 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis as he or she ascends a mountain during a long, steep climb. What is the reason for these symptoms?
1. Cellular hypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema

____ 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
1. The precise pairing of the nitrogenous bases
2. The presence of pyrimidines bases
3. The presence of nucleotides
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond