Understanding Pathophysiology 5th Edition By Huether and McCance-Test Bank

Chapter 06: Adaptive Immunity

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection?
a. T cells
b. B cells
c. Antigens
d. Lymphocytes

ANS: C
The lymphocytes remain dormant until an antigen initiates clonal selection.
T cells are part of the immune response, but do not initiate clonal selection.
B cells are antibodies.
Lymphocytes are released into the circulation as immature cells that react with antigens.

REF: p. 144

2. After teaching the students about B cells, which statement indicates teaching was successful? B cells are originally derived from cells of the:
a. Bone marrow
b. Lymph nodes
c. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
d. Thymus

ANS: A
B cells are derived from the bone marrow.
B cells are derived from the bone marrow, not the lymph nodes.
B cells are derived from the bone marrow, not the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
B cells are derived from the bone marrow, not the thymus.

REF: p. 147

3. A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?
a. Antibodies
b. Cytotoxic T cells
c. Self-antigens
d. Helper T cells

ANS: A
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that mature from lymphocytes, called B lymphocytes (B cells), in response to an antigen.
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that mature from lymphocytes, called B lymphocytes (B cells), in response to an antigen. Cytotoxic T cells do not respond to antigens.
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that mature from lymphocytes, called B lymphocytes (B cells), in response to an antigen. Self-antigens do not respond to antigens.
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that mature from lymphocytes, called B lymphocytes (B cells), in response to an antigen. Helper T cells do not respond to antigens.

REF: p. 147 | p. 149

4. When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus receive?
a. Active
b. Passive
c. Innate
d. Cell-mediated

ANS: B
Maternal antibodies that pass across the placenta into the fetus before birth provide passive systemic immunity.
Maternal antibodies that pass across the placenta into the fetus before birth provide passive systemic immunity, not active immunity.
Maternal antibodies that pass across the placenta into the fetus before birth provide passive systemic immunity, not innate immunity.
Maternal antibodies that pass across the placenta into the fetus before birth provide passive systemic immunity, not cell-mediated immunity.

REF: p. 145

5. An immunologist has isolated a molecule from the human body to study. It is found to react with antibodies on B cells. Further testing reveals that the molecule is large and chemically diverse. What type of molecule is the immunologist studying?
a. Antigen
b. Immunogen
c. Epitope
d. Paratope

ANS: A
Antibodies react with antigens.
Antibodies react with antigens, not immunogen.
Antibodies react with antigens, not epitopes.
Antibodies react with antigens, not paratopes.

REF: p. 147

6. Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is:
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

ANS: A
IgG is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins, constituting 80% to 85% of the immunoglobulins in the blood.
IgG is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins, not IgM.
IgG is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins, not IgA.
IgG is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins, not IgE.

REF: p. 147

7. The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is:
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

ANS: B
IgM is the largest immunoglobulin and is the first antibody produced during the initial, or primary, response to antigen.
IgM, not IgG, is the largest immunoglobulin and is the first antibody produced during the initial, or primary, response to antigen.
IgM, not IgA, is the largest immunoglobulin and is the first antibody produced during the initial, or primary, response to antigen.
IgM, not IgE, is the largest immunoglobulin and is the first antibody produced during the initial, or primary, response to antigen.

REF: p. 147

8. An immunology nurse is caring for a patient. While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the:
a. Blood
b. Kidneys
c. Lungs
d. Mucous membranes

ANS: A
IgA1 is found predominantly in the blood.
IgA1 is found predominantly in the blood, not the kidneys.
IgA1 is found predominantly in the blood, not the lungs.
IgA1 is found predominantly in the blood, not the mucous membranes.

REF: p. 147

9. A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup. The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth?
a. IgG
b. IgA
c. IgM
d. IgD

ANS: C
IgM is synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in utero.
IgM, not IgG, is synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in utero.
IgM, not IgA, is synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in utero.
IgM, not IgD, is synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in utero.

REF: p. 149

10. Which portion of the antibody is responsible for the biologic functions of antibodies?
a. Heavy chain
b. Variable region
c. Fc portion
d. Epitope

ANS: C
The Fc portion is responsible for most of the functions of antibodies.
The Fc portion is responsible for most of the functions of antibodies, not the heavy chain.
The Fc portion is responsible for most of the functions of antibodies, not the variable region.
The Fc portion is responsible for most of the functions of antibodies, not the epitope.

REF: p. 149